Introductory Thinking Activity : Nature

Introduction Thinking Activity : Nature :

Hello readers...

Warmly welcome to you my blog,

Here I want to write a blog on nature. What is nature what is my feeling in natural beauty and how natural things teach us life lessons. The work given by Professor Vaidehi Mam in the Department of English.

Nature :

Nature is the most important part of our lives. Many writers and poets write many things about nature. Like William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge and John Keats etc.. he writes many poems based on nature. He inspires the beauty of nature in his works and writes mysterious things of nature. William Wordsworth was one of the famous romantic poets. Most of his poetry is based on nature and we feel it when we read his poem.

When we are surrounded by nature, we feel at peace with no stress and stress in life. I want to spend my time with nature. Natural things and beauty provide us with aesthetic pleasure. The air smells, the sun shines brightly, the colors look more vivid and time seems almost frozen. Whether we are hiking, kayaking, watching wildlife or just enjoying a quiet picnic, there is something about the boring nature that makes our lives easier. Nature is our origin and the place where all our subtle needs for beauty, mystery and adventure are met. Nature has many gifts for us but if we are willing to discover its magnificent variety. We are very sensitive to the beauty of nature, looking for miracles and interesting things everywhere.

There is magic and wonder to the eyes We know how to look at nature with curiosity and love. We feel connected to nature, we can hardly explain why nature has influenced us so much, or why we try to spend time in nature. The truth is that we are part of nature. We feel powerful in nature. When we are disconnected from nature, we forget who we are. In order to live a happy and healthy life, we need to be able to feel at peace with our environment and enjoy the beauty of our surroundings. Nature provides everything we need to be happy and I also feel happy in nature.

The way of looking on nature :

Wordsworth says that, 

We know that William Wordsworth was a great Romantic poet. Wordsworth is a nature poet, known to every readers of Wordsworth. He is the supreme worshiper of nature. He believed that there is a mutual consciousness between man and nature.

"My heart leaps up when I behold A rainbow in the sky "

This is the best nature of Wordsworth's poetry. Wordsworth expresses many features of romanticism: the love of nature, the relationship between the natural world and the personal self. Rainbow is the best nature poem. When we look at the rainbow in the sky, we also experience aesthetic pleasure. We see that nature wears different colors. It's the best moment for me when I first see the rainbow in the sky and when I read Wordsworth's poem "The Rainbow".

Nature is a wonderful gift of God to all men. We have both good and bad experiences of nature. It sometimes gives people all the happiness, joy and happiness and at the same time it hurts people. We cannot say that nature always shines on people. The image above shows the way to look at nature. We all have two perspectives on nature. One is our imaginary world which is the beauty of nature and the other is the reality which is the other side of nature. It always hurts a man.

My point of view about the Duality of nature :

I totally agree with Wordsworth's quotes Nature is the teacher of the whole human being. He teaches people a lot. I have had both good and bad experiences. Both are in front of my eyes. First I would like to describe the good experience of nature. For me, nature is a place where I feel very happy moments of my life. I always like to visit the places where nature spreads its wings. Nature contains natural resources. Some resources are good or some are bad. In my opinion nature is the most beautiful thing in the world. It offers a happy and healthy life but at times it is very harmful to us too. Nature full of greenery. The leaves give us fresh ox cessation and medicine but we have also had a bad effect for some time.

Nature provides good and bad influence on humans. A good relationship with nature helps individuals to connect with both the spiritual and social worlds.

" I wandered lonely as a cloud 

That float on high over vales and hills 

When all at once I saw a crowd,

A Host of golden daffodils."

William Wordsworth....

I agree with some lines of poetry Daffodils by William Wordsworth. Daffodils is a poem by Wordsworth's nature. For me nature is a place where I find happiness and I feel very special in a place where I find nature all around me. Specialty cloud environments are beautiful to me and whenever I see a cloud that gives me happiness and peace, but for a while the cloud also gives us a hint of a bad environment which is harmful to us.

Thinking Activity : Views on Marriage

Thinking Activity : Views on Marriage :

Hello Readers...

Warmly welcome to you my blog,


In this blog I have written people's opinions about marriage. In the novel 'Sense and Sensibility' we see the issue of marriage. Based on this novel we have the task of asking people about their opinions about marriage. This is the work given by Prof. Hinamam Zala of the English Department.

Sense and Sensibility :

Sense and Sensibility, Jane Austen's novel, which was anonymously published in three volumes in 1811 and is excellent. Elinor and Marianne provide a vivid depiction of mid-century mid-class life, a satirical, humorous piece that follows Dashwood's romantic relationship. With her first acquaintance, Willoughby literally ripped Marianne Dashwood off her feet. When Maria falls and gets her ankle sore, she helps her home. In Wilfby, Marianne finds a man who praises her for her dash. Describing Willoughby to others, she commented, "That's what a young man should be." In her naive fashion, Marianne does not recognize that Wilbobie's truncated man must marry for money to love his horses, society and women. He is a meaningful gentleman who lives beyond his means. Its behavior is a statement of the inherited features offered to men of their social class.

People's views about Marriage :

Knowing my opinion about marriage... marriage is a basic necessity of every society. Everyone marries and runs his own family. Love merrag is increasing due to the marriage of the father in the past and today for social media and many other reasons. Although it is not important to do love marriage or arange marriage, two people understand each other and give life support. I think everyone must marry. In the modern age, the education of women is increasing in the age, so they marry at an older age but marriage is a connection of two souls and prices are not closed.
In our scriptures, marriage is also considered a sacrament. In today's age, the biggest problem is that the boy chooses to love each other, but then what will happen to society and all the people in the house. Thinking about  leaves any one out and ends the relationship. Whatever the reason, a girl is most likely to suffer in all of this. When a boy leaves a girl for fear of society, his whole life is ruined. In the age of social media, most of the time the boy is in a relationship with the girl for marriage, but then the boy is leaving the girl in fear of society or family. In my view, the society must accept the love maraghe and the boy who makes such a mistake should be punished.

Dabhi Vipulsir....

In my opinion marriage is a kind of marriage life or system that formed a union or formed a sacred relationship. After the jaunt through the marriage system, both characters are ready to fulfill their wishes, sacrifices, their habit or life. I believe that marriage life is good because our parents have experience or they have gone that way so they never think badly about their children so they choose the kind of character for their children that may be right for us in the future. In love marriage sometimes people do not understand exactly about love because there is a small difference between love and physical attraction so at young age they usually choose character by physical attraction but not by love.

Baraiya Laljibhai.......

In Indian culture, marriage is considered a sacrament. Everyone who has to go through it. In my view, marriage is a sacred relationship that involves sweetness and love, sorrow and new experiences and adaptations. There is something in the marriage that is the responsibility of the two men to live together. There are two things in all things, happiness and sorrow. The spouse should cooperate and cooperate with the situation.

Everyone is saying that getting annoyed after marriage ... not one percent is true because such a person does not really understand responsibility or does not have the ability to take responsibility. Marriage is a pleasure to eat, but why not eat it depends on yourself and not on the experience of others.

Shantilal Dharaiya......

Thanking you.....

Thinking Activity : Unit 4 C. S. in practice.

Thinking Activity : Unit 4 C. S. in practice :

Hello Readers...

Warmly welcome to you my blog,

This is my educational blog thinking activity of Cultural Studies Unit 4 Frankenstein's study in contemporary Indian culture. And the popular author and his market. This task given by Dr. Dilip Barad,

Question : 1 Frankenpheme in contemporary Indian culture.

An Indian Hindi play, Translate Robot is a 2010 Indian Tamil language science fiction science-action film directed and directed by S. Shankar. Vasi a brilliant scientist. The scientist, creates a unique robot, which is programmed to protect mankind and to feel human emotions. Problems occur when a Chitti falls in love with a girlfriend. Naturally, storytelling is different, but there are some things we associate with Frankenstein. Both Vassi and Victor are very brilliant scientists. They try something new. One makes a robot and the other is made by a human but his monster looks like this and we can see the movie that Dr. The resident makes a robot but his appearance is similar to that of a human. Both of their designs share a feeling for their creator's wife. So some kind of director of a movie inspired by Mary Shelley's novel Frankenstein. So we can say that Mary Shelley's novel Frankenstein is well known in the world. There are many adaptations to be made.

Question : 2 Any popular artists /writer and his market. 

Jay Vasavada and his Market :

Jay Vasawada is a Gujarati writer, columnist and speaker who was born in Gondal in Bhavnagar. He has published many books and has written columns in various publications. He received his degree from Saurashtra University. He started his writing career in Rajkot by publishing an article. Later he joined Gujarat News as a columnist. Prior to this, he wrote daily columns in the Mumbai edition of Mid-Day. And he gives lectures all over Gujarat on various topics. He hosted the Gujarati Celebrity Talk Show Dialogue in ETV Gujrati and introduced the cameo in the Gujarati film Bey Yaar in 2014.

Thus, all the information about Frankenfam and the contemporary Indian culture and famous author and example in his market, we can say that cultural studies is not only about the production of works but also about the meaning of production. The value and influence of work on youth and contemporary work on contemporary times is one of the most important and valuable studies in culture. Therefore, Jay Vaswada is the best example of a writer and his market.

Thinking Activity : Structuralism

Thinking Activity : Structuralism :

Hello Readers....

Warmly welcome to you my blog,

This blog is my educational work on structuralism thinking activity. We know what structuralism is and what a structuralist critic is. After understanding the concept of structuralism we have the function of structuralism. As a structural critic, how do you analyze a literary text or TV serial or film? It is our job to select any image or TV serial or film or literary text or advertisement and apply the Structuralist method. This thinking activity given by the Dr. Dilip Barad The head of the English Department MKB University.

Gerard Genette  :

Gerard Genette was a well-known literary critic and French literary theorist after Roland Barthes. Gabbett is primarily concerned with structuralism, especially in the literary criticism such as narratology, trope, and metonymy, etc.to reproduce the new rhetorical vocabulary. Gerard Janet furthers structural criticism as a literary critique.

What is Structuralism?

Structuralism as a method is particularly suited to literary criticism which is discourse over Literary criticism that it is meta-linguistic in character and it exists as meta-literature, that is, a literature whose literature is imposed '. That is, it is literature written to explain the role of literature and language in the literature used to explain the language used in it. In Gennette's words, 'If the author quotes the universe, then the critic is quotation literature, that is, the universe of signs. In his essay "Structuralism and Literary Criticism," Gerard Genette writes that the methods developed for the study of one discipline can be satisfactorily applied to the study of another discipline.

Important concepts in Genette's narratology :

Genette Narratology is derived from Narrative Discourse; Essay on method. The following are the five main concepts used by Janet in Narrative Discourse; Essay on method. They are mainly used to look at descriptive syntax, rather than to interpret it.

Frequency :


The separation between an event and other its narration allows several possibilities.

Duration :

The separation between an event and its narration means that there is discourse time and narratives time.


Voice :

Voice is concerned with who narrates, and from where. This can be split in different ways.

Mood :

Genette said narrative mood is dependent on the 'distance' and 'perspective' of the narrator, and like music, narrative mood has predominant patterns. It is related to voice.

Structuralism :

Here, I put it down to Hindi movies that have the same story and nature of the protagonist and after going through many circumstances the two meet together and innfilms her father accepts her daughter as her husband. So there is a similarity between the narrative structure and the pattern.

Directed : sunil Shetty

Dipika padukone:- Meenalochli

Shahruk Khan:- Rahul Mithaiwala 

Rahul Mithaiwala is an orphan graduate living in Mumbai. Raised by his grandparents at the age of eight. Meanwhile, the monastery dies on the eve of the celebration. Rahul's grandmother Neetu tells Rahul that Bhishmabhar wants his ashes to be split in two, one of which is submerged in the Ganges and Rameswaram. He tells Rahul to take the ashes to Rameshwaram and disperse. Reluctantly, she accepts her request. They had booked a ticket in Chennai Express and Rahul forgot to take the ash and returned when the train had already departed. At the same time a girl who is running away, four men are trying to kidnap her. Rahul finds out that all four are his cousins ​​and his real name is Meenalama. He is married to a ruffian named Tangaballi. Minamma's father, Durgeshwara "Durgash" Ahagasundram, is the powerful headman of the local Mafia in Tamil Nadu. Minamma took Rahul to Durgash and called Rahul as his lover. Due to lack of knowledge in Tamil, Rahul inadvertently accepted that duel by Tangaballi challenging Rahul.

  Rahul pretends to take Minamma hostage and escapes with Durgash's car in a fight with Durgash's men. It saved her life and helped her fiance a lot, which she didn't want to marry. Minamma then realizes that she has fallen in love with Rahul. Tangaballi caught Rahul trying to get there, but the villagers will help him escape again.

Minamma persuades Rahul to disperse the ashes of Bhishmabhar and travels with him to Rameswaram, where he completes the rites. Rahul finds out that he has fallen in love with Minamma. He takes Minamma back to Durgash and tries to understand and respect Minamma's will. He also tells Minamma that she loves him. In the end, Rahul boldly tells Tangaballi and his gangsters that he is ready for a fight this time. Rahul is seriously injured but he is victorious. Durgash acknowledges that the love of a common man like Rahul is greater than his physical ability and political influence.

In this movie based on regional or language, class and love marriages. In the movie we can see Meenamma's marriage arranged with Tangaballi. But in the center part of the movies twitching Meenamma and Rahul falls in love and their families accepted their love. also we can see in the movies narrator Narrative has physical ability & political influence.

Sunday Reading : Arundhati Roy

Sunday Reading : Arundhati Roy : 

Hello Readers....

Warmly welcome to you my blog,

This task about the Author Arundhati Roy and her works given by Dr. Dilip Barad head of English department.

About Arundhati Roy :

We all know that Indian culture and traditions are famous in the world. For example the Indian was very harsh about the caste system and unclear or untouchable in the past. The result, therefore, is that some Indian writers have tried to portray it in their works. Renowned Indian author Arundhati Roy portrays the casket system in her novel. Now let's talk about his work and his brief life.

she has also written a numbers of essays on contemporary Politics and Cultures. In October 2016, Penguin India and Hamish Hamilton UK announced that they would publish her second novel, " The Ministry of Utmost Happiness  in June 2017. 

She has also worked for,


(1) US foreign policy, war in Afghanistan

(2) India's nuclear weaponry

(3) Anti - Zionism

(4) 2001 Indian parliament attack

(5) The Muthanga incident

(6) Comments on 2008 Mumbai Attack

(7) Criticism of Sri Lankan government

(8) Views on the Naxalites

(9) Sedition charges

(10) Criticism of Anna Hazare

(11) Views on Narendra Modi etc.

Awards :

(1) The Lannan Cultural Freedom Award in 2002.

(2) The Sydney peace prize in 2004.

(3) Sahitya Akademi Award


In addition to his novel skills, Roy is widely known for political activism. He has published many works of nonfiction, including many essays,


(1) The End of Imagination (1998).

(2) The Greater common Good (1999).

(3) The cost of living (1999).

(4) Power Politics (2002).

(5) The checkbook and the cruise missiles

(6) An ordinary person Guide to Empire (2004).

Question 1 :  If you are asked about Arundhati Roy, what will be your answer? 

We know that Arundhati Roy is a well-known Indian English writer. He contributes to Indian writing in English. He is one of the few writers in India whose first book was considered a masterpiece by many, but despite being offered a few million dollars, he chose not to write second literature, because he felt he had to work for real issues.

Question 2 : If you are asked about two novels of her, what will be your answer? 

We know that Arundhati Roy was best known for her novels, especially two novels, " The God of Small things or The Ministry of utmost Happiness. "

The God of Small Things :

This is Arundhati Roy's first novel. It is a story about the childhood experience of brotherhood twins whose lives are destroyed by "love laws," which show "who should love and how and how much." This book explores how small books affect people's behavior and their lives. This book won the Booker Prize in 1997. God of Small Things is a famous novel by Arundhati Roy. who have been divorced for 23 years after the horrific hours that their cousins ​​drowned, their mother's relationship is revealed, and her lover is killed. This is the structure of the book. Lots of it. It effectively creates a language of its own, a juicy language that complements the mood of a beautiful book.

The Ministry of utmost Happiness :

The ministry of utmost Happiness is the second novel by Arundhati Roy, published in 2017. The novel tells the stories of people who navigated some of the darkest and most violent episodes of modern Indian history, in which poor peasants were transported on a 2002 Godhra train. Burning and Kashmir uprising. Arundhati Roy is a famous Indian author. He has written about the reality of society. Arundhati Roy is always involved in environmental and human rights reasons. Her father was a Bengali tea planter and her mother was a Christian of Syrian descent who successfully challenged the laws of India's heritage by successfully claiming for the rights of Christian women to receive an equal share of her father's wealth. He had some interest in design. His literary career was interrupted by controversy.

Thanking you.....

Thinking Activity : Sunday Reading task On Shashi Tharoor

Thinking Activity : Sunday Reading task On Shashi Tharoor :

Hello Readers...

Warmly welcome to you my blog,

Here's my blog on the Sunday Reading Task: Shashi Tharoor has been announced for the 2019 Famous and Distinguished Literature Academy Awards. In the English language category, the award is given to Shashi Tharoor's Era of Darkness in the "Creative Non-Fiction" category. This work, given by Dr. Dilip Bard Sir.

About Shashi Tharoor :

Born : 9th March 1956

Shashi Tharoor is an Indian politician, writer and former international diplomat who is currently serving as a Lok Sabha MP from Thiruvananthapuram in Kerala. He also serves as chair of the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Information Technology and the All India Professional Congress. Shashi Tharoor received the "Literature Academy Award" for his book " An Era of Darkness : The British Empire in India."  In the non-English language non-fiction category in 2019. Shashi Tharoor is the latest, an era of Darkness, an absolute must read. In it, it consolidates all the arrangements necessary to establish that the British Colonial Rules were a frightening experience for the Indians and that they do so with full discussion skills. In fact, his book is an elaborate take on the British exploitation of India, which a long time ago famously provided for Tharoor in the Oxford debate. Tharoor described how the British ruled India. Shashi  Tharoor argues that British rules had no redeeming features.

Here I put my view on some videos about exclusive interview  Dr. Shashi Tharoor on his Book "An Era of Darkness" The British Empire in India.

This is an interview video of Shashi Tharoor, about his own book, "The Darkness of an Age", in this video Shashi Tharoor says that all the book's arguments are against the British Empire. The storyline is not one-sided or one-sided. What I like most is the answer to the question by Shashi Tharoor. The interviewer asks, "Everyone talks about the immediate inheritance of partition and colonial rules. How much do you increase partitioning? How do you blame colonial policies?" Shashi Tharoor's answer is that the whole community of Hindus and Muslims was under colonial rule and the British wanted to separate the Muslim community from Bengal. The biggest change was the separation between different communities. When the British saw how Muslims celebrated Hindu customs, they were shocked to see how Hindus celebrated Muslim customs. This video further content that what I like the most is the Bengal Renaissance. Shashi Tharoor discusses the influence of the "Sati system", saying that the British never interfered with Indian customs. But there were many other Indians who stood up against the widow's remarriage. Raja Ram Mohanaroy who abolished the Sati practice.

Many other arguments by Shashi Tharoor are discussed in this video,

1. The British wrecked our industries.
2. Colonial rules worsened poverty and landlessness.
3. Famines were British induced.
4. Partition.
5. Colonisation of the Indian mind.

The reason for my similarity of these arguments is that Shashi Tharoor openly stands against all the British and writes in his book about India's Darkness praising India. He laid down the realities of each of India. And observed everything that was done by the British in India. He puts all the truth in deep, and pretty much argues about it all.

This is the second interview video of Shashi Tharoor with his new book "Era of Darkness." Is about the influence of British colonialism. This is a very famous book by Shashi Tharoor. Shashi Tharoor says that this is the subject I like the most. He says that for this book he read many journals, articles, academic books and many contemporary histories or other British authors who are best sellers. The argument I like the most in this video is that in response to the question, "What is English Indian wealth now? Do you agree with the premise that if the British never came to India, would India be rich in some kind? Country or developed European. Should not the powers of the countries? "In answer to these questions, Shashi Tharoor beautifully describes the wealth of India and the prosperity of industrialization in India.

Shashi Tharoor says about three industries in India,

(1) Texstyle industry. 

(2) Steele Industry. 

(3) Ship building industry.

And how all the British broke the these industry and established their new industries. How they all used Indian art.

Thanking you.....

Thinking Activity : The Study of Poetry by Matthew Arnold :

Thinking Activity : The Study of Poetry by Matthew Arnold :

Hello ! Readers...

Warmly welcome to you my blog,

Here is my blog on Thinking Activity: The Study of Poetry by Matthew Arnold, this task given by Dr. Dilip Barad sir. For more information visit Dilip Bard Sir's blog Click here 

Let's look at a short biography of Matthew Arnold before discussing Arnold's views on good poetry and criticism.

Matthew Arnold : Victorian poet and critic :

Born : 24th December 1822

Death : 15th April 1888

He was also an English poet, cultural critic and novelist and colonial administrator. He was elected professor of poetry at Oxford in 1857. He was called the third greatest Victorian poet. His literary career began with the release of two prize poems, "The Stride Reveler and Other Poems," in 1849, the mood of his poetry being explicit and his tendency to express emotions. He felt that poetry should be a criticism of life and expressed philosophy.

The Victorian era has produced many critics, novelists, thinkers, and philosophers. Among them, Arnold holds a respectable position as a poet and critic. We all know that Arnold was an English Victorian great writer. He was born on December 24,1822 in England. As a poet, the work which gave Arnold a high place in the history of literature and in the history of ideas, was completed in the time he was able to escape his official duties. Among the leading authors of Victoria, Matthew Arnold is unique in that his reputation falls equally on his poetry and criticism of his poetry. Many readers have come to see Arnold as the most modern in Victorian. Arnold himself defines "text" as a professor of poetry at the 1874 literature at Cassford, "on the modern element in literature". In this lecture there was a transition from Arnold's poet to social and literary critic.

His Famous poems are :

 (1) " Thyrsis " ( 1865 )

 (2) " Sohrab and Rustum " ( 1853 )

 (3) " The Scholar Gipsy " ( 1853 )

 (4) " Rugby Chapel " ( 1867 ) 

 (5) " Memorial Verses to Wordsworth  "

Matthew Arnold As a critic :

Matthew Arnold was a good critic. A critic is basically a teacher and he must bear in mind that literature is a criticism of life. Arnold tries to expand the definition of criticism by saying that,

" It is endeavour in all branches of knowledge like theology, philosophy, history, art and science to see the object as itself it is rarely".

Critic must be disinterested :

Arnold emphasizes the term ‘disinterested’, the critic should be impartial without any prejudice. Critics must take an interest in evaluating and giving judgment. Matthew Arnold had an essay called "Function Criticism". Matthew Arnold mentions that great times of creativity are not forthcoming, and he cites for example, infant was a very short period of time, and then there is the law, and in that respect Arnold mentions that the critic has a very important role and that is the role that critics have. Authors should provide new ideas.

Characteristic of Good poetry  :

Arnold's poetry is supposed to apply a different meaning to the modern term applied to the views of the critic, the reformer, and the prophet, who devoted most of his life to expanding the intellectual horizons of his countrymen, the whole English-speaking world. The poem is something more than Keats "Beauty is Truth, the Beauty of Truth." Of which Arnold was then to say that he "doesn't need to know all", though that is a lot. It is a surrogate source for moral healing and a weak Christian faith for the ages. These views echo Arnold's discourses about the translation of Hormor (1861), in which "gentlemanship" is seen as a key feature of Homer's "study of poetry" (1880), which declares that the strongest part of our religion today is its unconscious poetry.


"Poetry as a Critic of Life" Arnold describes life as an application of critical and profound ideas, criticizing the laws of life and the laws of poetic truth and the 'beauty as truth, and the seriousness of matter' and 'the fullness of honor and practice. Arnold believes that poetry does not represent life, but rather that the poet adds something from his own noble nature and contributes to his criticism of this life.

Arnold's Touchstone Method :

Arnold's touchstone method of criticism was actually a comparative method of criticism. He followed the ancient Greek, Roman and French writers, the model being followed. Old English writers such as Shakespeare, Spencer, Milton were also taken as Maswell. Arnold took the route chosen by the modern author and compared them with the ancient author and determined the merits there. This method is called the "touchstone method" of Arnold. His general theory of poetry was the "touchstone method", which presented scientific criticism for critical evaluation by comparing scientific objections and as the two primary tools for judging individual poets.

Thinking Activity : I. A. Richards : Figurative Language

Thinking Activity : I.A. Richards : Figurative Language :

Hello Readers,

Warmly welcome to you my blog,

This is my thinking activity about I.A. Richards Figurative language this task given by Dr. Dilip Barad sir,

About the I.A. Richard :

( 1893 - 1979 )

Ivor Armstrong Richard called I. A. Richards known as famous literary Critic, an English educator and rhetorician. His work contributed to the formal pastoral movement of literary theory at the base of the new critique, emphasizing literary lessons, particularly close reading of poetry, in an attempt to discover how the work of literature functions as a spontaneous and self-referential aesthetic.


His literary methodology of New Criticism describes in,


(1) " The Meaning of Meaning " ( 1923 )

(2) " The Principles of literary Criticism ( 1924 )

(3)" The Practical Criticism " ( 1929 )

There are three objective to wrote,

1. To introduce new kind of documentation.

2. To provide new technique.

3. To prepare a new way for education method.


In his work he discusses figurative language as well as allegorical language, which were closely related to textual and oral study and analysis of works of art.



Four type of Misunderstanding  :-

(1) Misunderstanding of the sense of Poetry : Careless, intuitive reading ( Ryme or regular syntax)

(2) Over literal reading - Prosaic reading

(3) Defective - Scholarship ; inappropriate metaphor

(4) Difference in meaning of words in Poetry and Prose ( Personification, Metaphor).

Four kinds of meaning :

1. Sense : 


Sense is the meaning of what is said, or 'things,' is referred to by the author.


2. Feeling :  


It refers to emotional attitude, desire, desire, joy, resentment and rest. When we say something, we have a feeling about it, "a tendency toward it, some personal taste or a feeling of color." The words "these feelings, this noise of interest" are expressed.


3.  Tone : 

Tone is the author's approach to his readers or audience. The use of language is determined by the author's 'validity' of his relationship with his readers.


4. Intention : 

The purpose is the intention of the author, who may be conscious or unconscious. It refers to the effect it is trying to produce. This motive changes the expression. It controls the pressure, shapes the arrangement or attracts attention for something important.

Verbal Analysis of the Song :

 Here i try to do verbal Analysis of Bollywood Hindi song which is taken from  Movie 2 states.

Movie: 2 States (2014)
Music: Shankar Ehsaan Loy
Lyrics: Amitabh Bhattacharya
Singers: Mohan Kanan, Yashita Sharma
Starring: Arjun Kapoor, Alia Bhatt
Music Label: T-Series



Analysis of Lyrics

 Tujh bin sooraj mein aag nahi re,

Tujh bin koyal mein rag nahi re,

Chandaniyan to barsen...

Phir kyun mere hath andhere lagde ne..

Han tujh bin phagun mein phag nahi re,

Haan tujh bin jaage bhi jaag nahi re,

Tere bina.. O mahiya...

Din dariya, rain jazeere lagde ne

Adhoori adhoori adhoori kahaani, adhoora alvida

Yoon hi yoon hi reh na jaaye adhoore sadaa

kesi teri naraazgi

gal sun le raaz ki

jism ye kya hai, khokhli seepi

rooh da moti hai tu

garaz ho jitni teri

badle mein jindaDi meri

mere saare bikhre suron se geet piroti hai tu

O mahiya.. tere sitam, tere karam

dono lutere lagde ne..

When we read the word, at the very first line we get a clear idea of ​​the poets' intentions of what he wants to describe and we think of a lover who has imagined his life without his beloved. And some natural elements like "Suraj" and " Koyal " Means " Sun " and "Cuckoo" to show their emotions how they feel. And describe his pain.

Problems in understanding of lyrics :


This song has some conflicting uses of language For example "suraj mein aag nahi re" and " koyal mein raag nahi re"

How is it possible that "there is no fire in the sun"? Or "Cuckoo's song has no music" or "Holi has no color, no festival of colors." As things are completely impossible, either nature or naturally.


However there is an emotional use of language. And also the use of personification in this song

"tere sitam, tere karam

  dono lutere lagde ne.."

So to summarize my point of view, I would like to say that the poet or songwriter uses metaphorical language to describe the feelings of lovers and what they experience in their lack of each other and things that never happen or are impossible.

Thinking Activity : Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie

Thinking Activity : Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie :

Hello Readers....

Warmly welcome to you my blog,

Here is my blog on thinking Activity task given by Dr. Dilip Barad sir.

About the Author : 

Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie

Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie is a Nigerian writer, born on September 15, 1977. The most famous of the critically acclaimed young Anglophone author's procession was described as the "Times Literary Supplement", which has managed to attract a new generation of readers. African Literature. "The American Embassy." Henry received the award. He also won the 2002 BBC World Service short story award. In 2010 she was listed in the authors of The New Yorker's "20 Under 40" Fiction Issues. Her story "Ceiling" was included in the 2011 version of the best American short stories.

Her Famous Novels are :

(1) Purple Hibiscus (2003)

(2) Half of a Yellow Sun (2006)

(3) Americanah (2013)

Let us discuss about her videos,

(1) The Danger of Single story

(2) We should All be Feminist

(3) post truth in post truth era

The Danger of Single story :

In this video Danger of Single Story Chimamanda Nagosi Adichie describes the different types of experiences she had in her childhood. At the beginning of the video he gives an introduction about his family. Her father was a professor and mother was a professor. He read "The British and American Student Book of White and Blue Eyes. He says I love American and British books. He saves me. He belongs to a middle-class family. Then he shared the experience of his neighbor. She had a new dinner with the boy." Home: Her family was poor. Her mother said that she was very kind when she finished her meal. Then she shared her experience with her professor. Her speech shocked the American teacher, good English. He thought that Africa was a place where beautiful plants, animals and different people were treated by white Americans. Can't speak African stories are always about darkness. One day she used to visit American students and they Mana asked about blackness, she replied very simply that she had read about the American people's psycho. And she also shared her experiences about food, their lives and habits of the US and Mexican people. Shares about her different types of experiences. My view of this video is that I like the Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie view because the main reason is that he never thought about the difference between American white people and African black people. As a child, she loved British and American books. She never regretted her poverty. Many times in her life she felt embarrassed for herself by other white people but she never gave up. She continues to write and publish her books.

We should all be Feminist :

Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie is another video of we all should be feminists. Yes, I like this video and Chimamanda's point of view because in this video she so beautifully describes her own experiences of feminism and gender bias in her friends and childhood. Because we all know that our so-called "culture" is patriotic. Not just today but for many years, especially in Africa. Therefore, in this video Chimmanda tells her experiences that her teacher in her elementary school took an exam in her classroom and the deal would be the highest mark the student will oversee in the classroom. Chimmanda got the highest marks and one boy who got the second highest marks but the teacher had class because he was a boy. Chimamanda says she was shocked when she first heard the word "feminist" and tried to find the word in the dictionary. And he says I'm a happy feminist. Why society looks at women with so-called ideal women. Most people said that their novels were feminist novels. He then discusses marriage arrangements. Even in marriage, looking at women is quite different because after marriage, people say that she is transformative. Why women work only in the business or in society with men for cooking and as housekeepers Chimamanda says that the language of marriage is often a proprietary language rather than a partnership. And he also says that the problem of gender has been very suggestive of how we should be compared to how we are. Culture does not make people but people make culture. This is Chimamanda's view of feminism.

Importance of Truth in Post Truth era :

" Be courageous, Tell the truth "

The third video contains the words of Chimamanda Nagosi Adichie. That post is about the importance of truth in the age of truth. I love to tell her the truth in every moment and situation. In this video he says that my personal spirit has never been broken. And she also shares a very funny incident about a misspelling of her name by a woman. He says read literature, read widely, read poetry, literature and non-fiction. Make human stories central to your understanding of the world. Think of people as people. Listen to yourself on the other side or look at the visual side. There is no other side to the sun's rise or truth in the east. Whenever you wake up it is your morning. The world is calling you. So, in this video he discusses telling the truth in every area, rather than being silent.

views help you in understanding literature and life I can say that all the scenes of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie help me understand my life better because in the third video she says be courageous and tell the truth. Which helps me build my confidence. She is a black African woman so she faced many problems during her childhood in society and in schools and colleges leases. Yet she is very confident and has become a successful person in her life. I am inspired by her. And his views help me understand literature better because literature is about culture, society, politics, and Chimamanda describes the situation very simply as how we need to develop confidence.

SR : literature and religion : Northrop Frye- ritual, myth and archetypes of literature.

SR : literature and religion : Northrop Frye- ritual, myth and archetypes of literature :

Hello readers...

Warmly welcome to you my blog,

            Here is my blog on Northrop Frye's ritual, myth and archetypes of literature. This blog is given by Dr. Dilip Barad Sir.

Northrop Frye- Rituals, myth and the archetypes of literature :

Literary Criticism The word archetype refers to narrative constructs, patterns of action, character types, themes, and images that are identified in the literary key words as well as in mythological and social rituals. Artificial criticism, as it applies to literature, is a form of criticism that "interprets text by focusing on repetitive myths and archeology." In literary criticism, the archetype, a primitive image, a system of characters or circumstances that reverberates throughout the literature and is constantly thought of as a universal concept or situation.



  If we think about literature and then we can say that literature gives us a way of thinking from out of box. But religion does not allow for new and unique thinking. In India the myth co-exists with human life. Most Indians who believe in mythical and mythological heroes. They cannot question the stupid rituals of religion. The Archetypes of Literature in Northrop Fry's Works, in which we find Frye's argument. Here we are looking for religion and myth. The relationship between religion and literature is complex, due to critical thinking. Divine in criticism or you could say that God acts like human beings. That is why they do not believe in Superior Power. It is even more complicated when religion and literature deal with the same document. Religion is nothing but fiction. So for a critic, God is like a human being, even if it is in the Bible and heaven is lost. In India too we have God like Ram, Krishna and Shiva. But the Critic does not think like ordinary people and do not believe in the rituals of war ships. Northrop Fry is trying to say that literature is as valuable as other sciences in society. There will be an organized organization of organized literature in literature. History and myth are connected with religion in our society. So, if we look at the way of Northrop Fry, then we can find an elliptical mark in mythology or any literary work. Literature and religion are interlinked because of the myth that religion and literature are the basic thing in both. Any author or author wrote his work on the basis of any minor myth or legend retailing.


Here I want to put the legend of Ravan Dahan. Ramayana is one of the great epics of Indian literature. Therefore, on the basis of belief, our Indians celebrate Ravana Dahan on the day of Vijayadashmi because according to our legend Ravana Kidnapp Sita and Ram have fought and killed Ravana. This is the legend of Ravan Dahan in our Hindu religion. All Indians have been celebrating Ravana combustion for many years but if we look at the archetypal criticism and symbol of Northrop Fry, we can see here Ravana as a symbol of the evil person who signifies the triumph of evil over Good. In our society today, Ravan Dahan is not a fight between Ram and Ravana but the victory of good over evil. Therefore, we can say that religion and literature are interlinked and that they are an important part of our society.

Thinking Activity : Northrop Frye :

Thinking Activity : Northrop Frye :

Hello Readers...


Warmly welcome to you my blog,

This blog is about my academic task on Northrop Frye. This thinking Activity given by Dr. Dilip Barad head of English department.

Northrop Frye  : 

Northrop Frye was a well-known critic. His full name is Herman Northrop Frye. He was a Canadian educated and literary critic who wrote a lot on Canadian literature and culture and became known as one of the most important literary theorists of the 20th century. The present essay is taken from the book "Architecture of Literature." In the essay Frye analyzes critical literature against the background of rituals and religious fiction. It interprets literature in the light of various literature and legends. The fry has divided the smooth into three parts.

• The First deals with the concept of archetypal criticism. 

• The second of part throws light on the inductive method of analysis of a text. 

• The third part focuses on the deductive method of analysis. All the method fall under  structural criticism. 

Question : 1 What is Archetypal of Criticism? What does the Archetypal Critic do?

Archetype is the term of narrative creation, symbol, character, dream, collective images, legends, rituals and universal objects. The 'archetype of criticism' means repeated narrative design, and it probably creates images and patterns of another character and theme type in the literature. The archetypal critic seeks to find these patterns, symbols, and legends in current literary work.

Question : 2 What is Frye trying to prove by giving an analogy of 'Physics to Nature' and 'Criticism to Literature'.

Fry compares physics with nature, saying that criticism as science and literature is a matter of science. He also says that physics is an organized body of knowledge about nature. Frye criticizes literature by trying to prove physics for nature and by analogy. Basically here Frye tries to compare the two, as any physics student studies them primarily or rather physics rather than nature. So it is easy to make sense or ideas for the study of the nature of physics. While the other side of the comparison. We can say that criticism has a similar philosophy or strategy instead because it has a special way of studying literature.

Question : 3 Share your views of Criticism as an organised body of knowledge. Mention relation of literature with history and philosophy.

Literature is the central division of humanity, on the one hand through history and philosophy on the other. We can say that history and philosophy are two pillars of literature. History represents what happened in the past. Basically, history is about past events and actions. While philosophical education is about the morality and morality of life. Frye uses the word centrifugal to mean moving away from literature and gaining a background in understanding literature. So for the reader's understanding of literature the reference to the structure of history and philosophy is to the understanding of morality.

Question : 4 Briefly explain inductive method with illustration of Shakespeare's Hamlet's Grave Digger's scene.

The inspiring method is the journey that leads from specific to ordinary. We read certain literary works and come to general conclusions, thus extending from a certain result to a general result. An excellent example of this method is the scene of a serious digging from Hamlet, it is a typical scene, and from that scene we come to some general conclusions. In that scene there were two tomb diggers and he seemed to be quite consistent with his work. They used to talk to each other and sing at the digging of the tomb. They were also joking over the dead Ophelia and commenting on whether she allowed it or not. Here we can see that they have no regrets for a fatal person. It was his job and that's why they got used to it. It has become their normal task so that they have no feelings for the dead.

Question : 5 Briefly explain deductive method with reference to an analogy to Music, Painting, rhythm and pattern. Give examples of the outcome of deductive method.

The deductive method is a journey from ordinary to specific. Music and rhythm are both forms of art. Music is a form of art that moves over time and painting is a form of art that moves into space. The music is the rhythm and the painting is the pattern. In music we can understand its rhythm while in painting we can understand its pattern. Rhythm is a descriptive form, while the pattern is simultaneously in the mental grasp of the oral constitution and has meaning and significance. It provides mental vision. We can't get everything by listening to some music, but by looking at the painting we can get an idea of ​​its pattern.

Thinking Activity : Technoculture, Speed and Slow Movement

Hello Readers...

This is my educational blog for thinking about the activity slow movement & techno culture. This work given by Dr. Dilip Bard, Head of the English Department.

Introduction :

Risk theory for cultural studies illustrates the limitation of providing information about social culture, the potential for risk, potential solutions and so on. Risk theory reflects on the psychological impact of techno-culture where the cultural response to new devices is based on the awareness that they create new risks. Most systems social, political and technological are now self-referential: they generate risks and provide solutions.

Simulation and Simulacra :

  Simulation and simulacra are Jean Baudrillard's philosophical treatises of 1981, in which the author seeks to examine the relationship between reality, symbols and society, especially in the construction and understanding of the importance of culture and media and the shared existence of cognition. Simulacra is a copy that depicts things that either had no roots, or had no roots and had no roots. Simulation is the simulation of real-world processing or management of systems over time.

Slow movement :

  A movement that started with food and ended up touching millions. It all started when, in 1986, Carlo Petrini founded slow food to tackle fast food and fast life. The idea quickly became an international movement, reflecting an overwhelming desire for a cultural shift towards slowing the pace of life. This led to the launch of the Broder Slow Movement, which has now evolved into slow travel, slow cities, slow companies, slow parenting. To slow down is to slow everything down is just a gentle reminder to all of us that: We need to run so fast in life that we lose track of ourselves, our own values, and common sense. We need to reconnect with the inner voice that is used to guide us - because without it, both individuals, parents, entrepreneurs, and politicians are making critical decisions. We need to apply the same turbo - the speed of everything we do. Hurrying to some things is not surprising, so we need to get back to doing life at a decent pace and learn to slow down when life really matters. Carl Honore, author of the international best-seller book "In Prize Slough Alone" translated into more than 30 languages, recognizes the importance of slow luminosity. we have become more and more accustomed to speeding up every minute. Every moment seems like a race against the clock, a haunting blur to the finish line that we never reach. This roadrunner culture is advancing our health, our diet and ours. Everything from communities, relationships and diet and work to our communities, relationships and the environment.

Thinking Activity : Unit 2 Cultural studies

Thinking Activity : Unit 2 Cultural studies :

Hello Readers....

Warmly welcome to my blog,

This task.given by Dr.Dilipbarad sir, This is my academic blog on thinking Activity of cultural studies unit 2 five types of cultural studies.

What is Cultural studies ?

Cultural studies is an innovative interdisciplinary field of research and teaching that investigates the ways in which “culture” creates and transforms individual experiences, everyday life, social relations and power. Cultural Studies traces the relationships among aesthetic, anthropological, and political economic aspects of cultural production and reproduction. Cultural Studies relies on interdisciplinary research on the formation of knowledge, power, and difference. Cultural Studies scholars and practitioners explore constructions of race, class, ability, citizenship, gender, and sexuality in their effort to understand the structures and practices of domination and resistance that shape contemporary societies.

Types of Cultural Studies :

Culture is a word that is impossible to describe in one word. Culture is something that reflects on your identity. To know more about culture, we have to study about it. The "culture" itself is so hard to decipher and the "cultural studies" are so difficult to determine. “Cultural studies” is not so much a specific approach, but rather a set of practices.

  If we go deep into the meaning of cultural studies, we find that Cultural Studies is an educational field of critical theory and literary criticism that was started by British academies in 1964 and subsequently adopted by fellow academics around the world. Cultural studies is an academic discipline that assists cultural researchers, who provide theories about the forces through which the whole of humanity builds their daily lives. It is not a unified theory, but a study of a variety of fields incorporating different approach methods and educational properties.

  "The culture of a nation lives in the heart and in the lives of its people."

Five Types of Cultural Studies :

(1) British Cultural Materialism

(2) New Historicism

(3) American Multiculturalism

(1) African American Writers

(2) Latina/o Writers

(3) American Indian Literatures

(4)  Asian American Writers

(4) Postmodernism and Popular Culture

  (5)  Postcolonial Studies

Question : 1   What is your understanding about British cultural Materialism? 

Cultural materialism in literary theory and cultural studies traces its origins to the work of left-leaning literary critic Raymond Williams. Cultural studies in Britain is known as "cultural materialism" and has a long tradition.

  "Cultural materialism is a school of thought in anthropology."

  Cultural materialism says that the best way to understand human culture is to examine the physical conditions. Cultural materialism analyzes on the basis of critical theory in the tradition of the Frankfurt School. In the next 19th century, Matthew Arnold sought to redefine "given" British culture. The post-war methods of cultural literary criticism portray left-leaning trendy cultural materialism, aesthetically, formally acknowledged, ant historical historiography and politicized. Cultural materialism is also about culture or membership. cultural studies emerged as a theoretical movement in the early 1980s, with a new historical historiography, an American approach to modern early literature, with which it has a very common area. The term was coined by Williams, who used leftist culture to describe theoretical fusion and Marxist analysis, cultural materialists deal with specific historical historical documents and try to analyze and recreate the zoologist of the political movement in history. Ironically the threat to his project was mass culture. Raymond Williams lamented the richness of honest forms of life. Williams viewed culture as a "productive process", often referring to the resources of production and cultural materialism that he referred to as "residual", "evocative" and "anti" cultural elements that followed in the tradition of Herbert Marcuse. Antonio Gramsci and others expand the class-based analysis of traditional Marxism, with an additional focus on marginalizing cultural materialists. cultural physicists analyze the process by which hegemonic forces in society use texts such as Shenopier and Us Stein, of historical significance and use them in an attempt to validate or imply certain values ​​on cultural fantasy. The political Shakespearean Jonathan Dolimore and Alan Sinfield writers have made a significant impact in the development of this movement and his book is considered to be a semi-text. They have identified four defining characteristics of cultural materialism as a theoretical device.

Question : 2  What is contribution of Michael Foucault in new historicism? 

From Foucault, new historical historians developed the idea of ​​a comprehensive "totalizing" function of observable cultures in its literary texts, called the Fascault Epistem. Focal history was not the work of "universal" ideas: because we do not know the governing ideas of the past or present, we should not imagine that we have a "center" for mapping the "real".

Question : 3  How can new historicists help in answering the question raised against Laputa episode in Gulliver Travels? 

In "Flying Island and Female Anatomy: Strengths in Gynecology and Gulliver's Travels," Susan Bruce provides a reading of Book III that makes some new historical historiographical sense with Luputa's use of Swift. Bruce examines a four-volume commentary on Gulliver's Travels by a Corolini de Marco, in which the author gives a fairly dry share of his observations until Episode IV of the book,"A Voyage to the Houyhnhnms, " in which Gulliver captures rabbits for food.

 Question : 4 Exemplify four types of analysis of popular culture. Apply it on popular artefacts.

There are four main types of popular culture analysis :

(1) Production Analysis : 

It ask quotations like:

(a)  Who own the media?

(b)  Who create text and why?

(c) How democratic of elitist is production of popular culture ?

(d) What about works written only for money?

 
(2) Textual analysis: 

It examines how specific works of popular culture created meanings.

(3) Audience analysis:

it asks different group of popular culture consumers or users, make similar of different sense of some texts.

(4) Historical analysis: 

It investigates how these other three dimensions over times.

Question : 5  Difference between modernism and postmodernism. 

Modernity relied on the use of rational, logical ways to acquire knowledge, while northern modernity rejected the use of logical thinking. In modernity, art and literary works were considered as unique works of artists. The authors were serious about the purpose of producing artists and literary works.