[ ] Name : Sanjay A. Dharaiya
[ ] Course : M.A.
[ ] Sem : 1
[ ] Year : 2019-2020
[ ] Roll : 33
[ ] Enrollment : 2069108420200009
[ ] Email id : dharaiy9@gmail.com
[ ] Paper 1 : Renaissance Literature
[ ] Topic : analysis Metaphysical poetry
[ ] Total word : 2699
[ ] Submitted to : S.B. Gardi Department of English MKB University
[ ] What is Metaphysical poetry ?
First of all the term "metaphysical poetry" refers to a specific period of time and a specific set of poets. In 17th-century England, there was a group of poets who, while they did form a formal group, have been considered the metaphysical poets. There are, in most lists, nine poets that belong, and they are as follows: John Donne, George Herbert, Henry Vaughan, Edward Herbert, Thomas Carew, Richard Crashaw, Andrew Marvel, Richard Lovelace and Sir John Suckling. So, what is metaphysical poetry? Actually the answer lies in the composition of these pieces. The common thread is that they contain metaphors that are highly conceptual in nature. These metaphors are often tenuous, at best, in their comparisons of one thing to another, but they can leave the reader feeling enlightened. This type of metaphor is known as a metaphysical conceit. The way to tell a metaphysical conceit from a regular metaphor is that they often exhibit an analytical tone, contain double meanings, show logical reasoning, and have paradoges, symbolism, and wit. While one or two of these elements might be missing from any given piece, there should be the majority of them present.
[ ] Metaphysical Poet's
It was Doctor Samuel Johnson, who for the first time used the term 'Metaphysical poetry. Metaphysical poems are lyric poems. For the poetry of John Donne and his followers, since Donne was the pioneer it is known as "The school of Donne' or 'the school of Metaphysical poetry'
Doctor Samuel Johnson while giving introduction to the life of 'Abrah am Cowley' used the term Metaphysical poetry for the first time to identify the poetry of John Donne and his followers.
[ ] Characteristics of the Metaphysical poetry
• The first characteristic is that all metaphysical were the men of learning and they tried to display their learning and scholarship by becoming scholarly in the writing of their poems. They wanted to distinguish themselves from the former poets of the Elizabethan age and so they used difficult language in their poem. All the metaphysical were scholars and they could prove it. But they could not prove that they loved music.
• According to Samuel Johnson the poetry of Donne and his followers stood tired of their finger but not a trial of ear the meaning is they were scholars. In the writing of poetry but there is no music or rhyme in the metaphysical poetry. Far-fetched images and conceits is the most remarkable feature of the metaphysical poetry.
• Those poets where not happy with the routing images used by the Elizabethan. They wented to bring new images to distinguish themselves. So they used their images from different field like biology, science, engineering and agriculture. Sometimes they depended upon geometry also to bring their images also to use them for the writing of their poems. George Herbert's "Pulley" and Marvell's poem with a title "To his coy mistress" are the best examples.
• One critic Helency white defends the metaphysical poets stating that was the demand of the time for Donne different way had they presented the same manner, just like the Elizabethans'. They would have been rejected. By the readers change was the demand of time and they gave that change in their poems.
• Helen Gardener mentions that Donne and his school changed the whole perspective of writing poetry they wrote poems. In a way in which it was not even imagined by others.
• Several metaphysical poets, especially John Donne, were influenced by Neo- Platonism. One of the primary Platonic concepts found in metaphysical poetry is the idea that the perfection of beauty in the beloved acted as a remembrance of perfect beauty in the eternal realm. Their work relies on images and references to the contemporary scientific geographical discoveries. These were used to examine religious and moral questions, often an element of casuistry to define their understanding or personal relationship with or employing God.
• Donne is, according to Eliot, in the direct line of English poetry. Eliot's interest in a new medium for the Donne was neither academic nor modish. As a poet interested in finding expression of a experience they were solution of his own problems.
• In this way what to feel and how the poet give a window through the aspects that's what to see, but in the different way to present and by this it gives a meaningful concept Herbert and Marvell (Bermudas), and consider God's love of man, Herbert considers man's duty to God in The Collar and The Pearl as does Marvell in The Coronet.
[ ] John Donne's Poems
John Donne's poems His best known work of metaphysical poetry;
• The Sun rising
• The Flea
• Death, be not proud
• Sweetest Love
• The Dream
• The Ecstasy
He is major the figure here as we renowned and the fact that give us the highlights of metaphysical poetry. He uses many things that we see and for which we can say Unified sensibility, rising power of love, tells feeling by metaphor etc...
Now, let us analyze his poems step by step,
1. First we have to look at John Donne's Major Themes in his Poems;
2. Paradoxes
3. Belittling cosmic forces
4. religion
5. Death and the Hereafter
6. Love as both physical and spiritual Interconnectedness of humanity
7. Fidelity
[ ] Death be not Proud
Be the great approach "Death Be Not Proud" presents an argument against the power of death. Addressing Death as a person, the speaker warns Death against pride in his power. Such power is merely an illusion, and the end Death thinks it brings to men and women is in fact a rest from world-weariness for its alleged "victims." The poet criticizes Death as a slave to other forces: fate, chance, kings, and desperate men. Death is not in control, for a variety of other powers exercise their volition in taking lives. Even in the rest it brings, Death is inferior to drugs. Finally, the speaker predicts the end of Death itself, stating "Death, thou skalt die.
' Analysis of this poem:
"Sleep is a temporary death and,
Death is a permnanent sleep"
The present Holy sonnet 10 of John Donne deals with the theme of 'Death'. Death is an inevitable truth of life, the preset sonnet. The speaker tells Death that it should not feel proud, for though one who is born is bound to doe. The poet reduces fear of death in some have called it "mighty and dreadful," it is not. Those whom Death thinks it kills do not truly die nor, the speaker says, "can's thou kill me."
The first quatrain focuses on the subject and audience of this poem: death. By addressing Death, Donne makes it/him into a character through personification. The poet warns death to avoid pride and reconsider its his position as a He concludes the introductory argument of the first quatrain by declaring to death that those it claims to kill "Die not", and neither can the poet himselfbe stricken in this way.
The second quatrain, which is closely linked to the first through the abba rhyme scheme, turns the criticism of Death as less than fearful into praise for Death's good qualities. From Death comes "Much pleasure" since those good souls whom Death releases from earthly suffering experience "Rest of their bones". Donne then returns to criticizing Death for thinking too highly of itself: Death is no desperate men"; this last demonstrates that there is no top. Although a desperate man can choose Death as an escape from earthly suffering, even the rest which Death offers can be achieved better by "poppy, or charms", so even there Death has superiority.
The final couplet caps the argument against Death. Not only is Death the servant of other powers and essentially impotent to truly kill anyone, but also Death is itself destined to die when, as in the Christian tradition, the dead are resurrected to their eternal reward. Here Donne echoes the sentiment of the Apostle Paul in where Paul writes that "the final enemy to be destroyed is death." Donne taps into his Christian background to point out that Death has no power and one day will cease to exist.
[ ] To be concluding
We bravely say that death is just a moment of glimpse but after that we again going to a long way with happiness and do not fear about death.
[ ] Sweetest Love, I do not goe ;
John Donne writes that;
"Sweetest Love, I do not go fir weariness of thee,
Nor in hope the world can show
A fitter love for me;
But since that I must die at last, 'tis best
To use myself in jest
Thus by feigned death to die."
The magnificent lines touch our heart. Here Love as both physical and spiritual way to drown. The poet tells his beloved that he is not leaving because he is tired of the relationship instead,he must go as a duty. After all, the sun departs each night but returns every morning, and he has a much shorter distance to travel. The third stanza suggests that his duty to leave is unstoppable; man's power is so feeble that good fortune cannot lengthen his life, while bad fortune will shorten it. Indeed, fighting bad fortune only shares one's strength with it. As the beloved sighs and cries, the lover complains that if he is really within her, she is the one letting
him go because he is part of her tears and breath. He asks her not to fear any evil that may befall him while he is gone, and besides, they keep each other alive in their hearts and therefore are never truly parted.
[ ] Let us Analyze this poem ;
Here John Donne writes about love, it's not just love but 'sweetest love', is a lyric made rhyme scheme ababcddc. Each stanza develops an aspect up of five stanzas each with the same of the problem of separation from one's beloved. In the first stanza the lover wards off any fear of a weakened love on his part. He does not leave "for weariness" of the beloved, nor does he go looking for a "fitter love" for himself. He instead compares his departure to death, saying that since he "Must die at last", it is better for him to practice dying by feign'd deaths", those short times when he is separated from his love. Thus, he turns her fears about losing him into an assurance that she is the very source of his existence; when he is not with her, it is like being dead. metaphor for his fidelity and desire to return. He compares his leaving to the sun's setting "Yesternight". It left darkness behind, "yet is here today. If the sun can return each day, despite its lengthy journey around the world, then the beloved can trust that the lover will return since his journey is shorter. Besides, he will make "speedier journeys" since he has more reason to go and return than does the In the second stanza, Donne uses the sun as a sun.
In the third stanza, the poet examines the view of metaphor aspect compass it's turns to contemplating larger problems beyond merely being separated from a loved one. He notes how "feeble is man's power" that one is unable to add more time to his life during periods of "good fortune". Ironically, the poet notes, we instead add "our strength" to misfortune and "teach it art and length", thereby giving bad situations power over our lives. We a even the power we have turns against us in bad fortune. Perhaps the suggestion here is that the lover has no choice but to go, not having enough strength to overcome fate.
This stanza also serves as a turning point in the song. The two prior stanzas are assurances that the lover wiil return quickly and faithfully. The final two stanzas focus harms his beloved may cause or fear.
Actually when he writes my soul away, he says in the first line of the fourth stanza. The beloved's expressions of despair cause harm to her lover, he argues, because he is so much a part of her that he is in her breath. He may also mean that her sighs demonstrate her lack of trust in him. The same argument applies to her tears; she depletes his "life's blood" when she cries. This is why she said to be "unkindly kind" with her tears; this oxymoron emphasizes the lover's pain in seeing the extent of her need to be with him.
In the final stanza, the lover warning his beloved against future ills she may bring upon him if she continues to fear a future without him. He urges her "divining heart" to avoid predicting him harm; it is possible that "Destiny may take thy part" and fulfill her fears by leading to true dangers.
[ ] Summing up
This poem bears similarities to Donne's other work about departure from his loved one, "Valediction: Forbidding Mourning." The tone of the song considered here is lighter, however and the imagery not as controlled, poignant, or unexpected as that latter work. however, and the imagery not as Nevertheless, it is worth attempting to read this poem, like so many others of Donne's, as spiritual allegory. Perhaps in which case one one again a resonance with the promised second coming of Jesus in the can see the lover as God and the beloved as the Church, might find Christian tradition; in this tradition he will soon return to the world even crucified. though he was crucified.
[ ] The Flea
Two levels the lover addressed to his beloved that if his dream is broken, discontinued because of her. He doesn't mind it, it was a dream based an logic. If she becomes the reason for a discontinuation of such a dream, he doesn't object to it. The lover mentions that his dream still continues even when the dream ended but there is a difference betwween both other tips of dream. The dream that still continues is the dream of getting her love. He doesn't want that, that dream should ever end.
Let's discuss more in detailed way:
"Image of her whom I love, more than she, Whose fair impression in my faithful heart Makes me her medal, and makes her love me As kings do coins, to which their stamps impart."
Here poet presents very creative part as we noted but in lover's dream he dream about the girl who he love so much and by broken dream he again start to dream and he considers his beloved so truthful that she is capable of transformation his dream into reality and fable into history. In this elegy John Donne narrates a dream by the person who he claims to have been dreaming about. Like in the more popular Donne poem "The Flea," the narrator attempts to cajole the woman into coming to bed with him by talking about the poetic conceit and how it relates to them. Unlike in "The Flea," however, Donne uses some very complex imagery to describe the dream and the waking and to form his arguments for her staying. Lover should dream anything about love. So he suggests that instead of seeing dream they should act in reality. The lover in the absence of the dream of love would like to get affection from his beloved in reality.
Donne also clarifies that it was not her noise because of which his dream of discontinue. It was because of her eyes just like lightening that his dream was discontin ued judge what is going on in his heart and mind, he campers her with an angel but angel. Because she knows it well what he dreams his angel and finally he says that she is herself.
[ ] At Last
By commenting on love she believes that, that love is weak in which there are elements fear, sin and shame pure love has to be free from such elements.
[ ] Course : M.A.
[ ] Sem : 1
[ ] Year : 2019-2020
[ ] Roll : 33
[ ] Enrollment : 2069108420200009
[ ] Email id : dharaiy9@gmail.com
[ ] Paper 1 : Renaissance Literature
[ ] Topic : analysis Metaphysical poetry
[ ] Total word : 2699
[ ] Submitted to : S.B. Gardi Department of English MKB University
[ ] What is Metaphysical poetry ?
First of all the term "metaphysical poetry" refers to a specific period of time and a specific set of poets. In 17th-century England, there was a group of poets who, while they did form a formal group, have been considered the metaphysical poets. There are, in most lists, nine poets that belong, and they are as follows: John Donne, George Herbert, Henry Vaughan, Edward Herbert, Thomas Carew, Richard Crashaw, Andrew Marvel, Richard Lovelace and Sir John Suckling. So, what is metaphysical poetry? Actually the answer lies in the composition of these pieces. The common thread is that they contain metaphors that are highly conceptual in nature. These metaphors are often tenuous, at best, in their comparisons of one thing to another, but they can leave the reader feeling enlightened. This type of metaphor is known as a metaphysical conceit. The way to tell a metaphysical conceit from a regular metaphor is that they often exhibit an analytical tone, contain double meanings, show logical reasoning, and have paradoges, symbolism, and wit. While one or two of these elements might be missing from any given piece, there should be the majority of them present.
[ ] Metaphysical Poet's
It was Doctor Samuel Johnson, who for the first time used the term 'Metaphysical poetry. Metaphysical poems are lyric poems. For the poetry of John Donne and his followers, since Donne was the pioneer it is known as "The school of Donne' or 'the school of Metaphysical poetry'
Doctor Samuel Johnson while giving introduction to the life of 'Abrah am Cowley' used the term Metaphysical poetry for the first time to identify the poetry of John Donne and his followers.
[ ] Characteristics of the Metaphysical poetry
• The first characteristic is that all metaphysical were the men of learning and they tried to display their learning and scholarship by becoming scholarly in the writing of their poems. They wanted to distinguish themselves from the former poets of the Elizabethan age and so they used difficult language in their poem. All the metaphysical were scholars and they could prove it. But they could not prove that they loved music.
• According to Samuel Johnson the poetry of Donne and his followers stood tired of their finger but not a trial of ear the meaning is they were scholars. In the writing of poetry but there is no music or rhyme in the metaphysical poetry. Far-fetched images and conceits is the most remarkable feature of the metaphysical poetry.
• Those poets where not happy with the routing images used by the Elizabethan. They wented to bring new images to distinguish themselves. So they used their images from different field like biology, science, engineering and agriculture. Sometimes they depended upon geometry also to bring their images also to use them for the writing of their poems. George Herbert's "Pulley" and Marvell's poem with a title "To his coy mistress" are the best examples.
• One critic Helency white defends the metaphysical poets stating that was the demand of the time for Donne different way had they presented the same manner, just like the Elizabethans'. They would have been rejected. By the readers change was the demand of time and they gave that change in their poems.
• Helen Gardener mentions that Donne and his school changed the whole perspective of writing poetry they wrote poems. In a way in which it was not even imagined by others.
• Several metaphysical poets, especially John Donne, were influenced by Neo- Platonism. One of the primary Platonic concepts found in metaphysical poetry is the idea that the perfection of beauty in the beloved acted as a remembrance of perfect beauty in the eternal realm. Their work relies on images and references to the contemporary scientific geographical discoveries. These were used to examine religious and moral questions, often an element of casuistry to define their understanding or personal relationship with or employing God.
• Donne is, according to Eliot, in the direct line of English poetry. Eliot's interest in a new medium for the Donne was neither academic nor modish. As a poet interested in finding expression of a experience they were solution of his own problems.
• In this way what to feel and how the poet give a window through the aspects that's what to see, but in the different way to present and by this it gives a meaningful concept Herbert and Marvell (Bermudas), and consider God's love of man, Herbert considers man's duty to God in The Collar and The Pearl as does Marvell in The Coronet.
[ ] John Donne's Poems
John Donne's poems His best known work of metaphysical poetry;
• The Sun rising
• The Flea
• Death, be not proud
• Sweetest Love
• The Dream
• The Ecstasy
He is major the figure here as we renowned and the fact that give us the highlights of metaphysical poetry. He uses many things that we see and for which we can say Unified sensibility, rising power of love, tells feeling by metaphor etc...
Now, let us analyze his poems step by step,
1. First we have to look at John Donne's Major Themes in his Poems;
2. Paradoxes
3. Belittling cosmic forces
4. religion
5. Death and the Hereafter
6. Love as both physical and spiritual Interconnectedness of humanity
7. Fidelity
[ ] Death be not Proud
Be the great approach "Death Be Not Proud" presents an argument against the power of death. Addressing Death as a person, the speaker warns Death against pride in his power. Such power is merely an illusion, and the end Death thinks it brings to men and women is in fact a rest from world-weariness for its alleged "victims." The poet criticizes Death as a slave to other forces: fate, chance, kings, and desperate men. Death is not in control, for a variety of other powers exercise their volition in taking lives. Even in the rest it brings, Death is inferior to drugs. Finally, the speaker predicts the end of Death itself, stating "Death, thou skalt die.
' Analysis of this poem:
"Sleep is a temporary death and,
Death is a permnanent sleep"
The present Holy sonnet 10 of John Donne deals with the theme of 'Death'. Death is an inevitable truth of life, the preset sonnet. The speaker tells Death that it should not feel proud, for though one who is born is bound to doe. The poet reduces fear of death in some have called it "mighty and dreadful," it is not. Those whom Death thinks it kills do not truly die nor, the speaker says, "can's thou kill me."
The first quatrain focuses on the subject and audience of this poem: death. By addressing Death, Donne makes it/him into a character through personification. The poet warns death to avoid pride and reconsider its his position as a He concludes the introductory argument of the first quatrain by declaring to death that those it claims to kill "Die not", and neither can the poet himselfbe stricken in this way.
The second quatrain, which is closely linked to the first through the abba rhyme scheme, turns the criticism of Death as less than fearful into praise for Death's good qualities. From Death comes "Much pleasure" since those good souls whom Death releases from earthly suffering experience "Rest of their bones". Donne then returns to criticizing Death for thinking too highly of itself: Death is no desperate men"; this last demonstrates that there is no top. Although a desperate man can choose Death as an escape from earthly suffering, even the rest which Death offers can be achieved better by "poppy, or charms", so even there Death has superiority.
The final couplet caps the argument against Death. Not only is Death the servant of other powers and essentially impotent to truly kill anyone, but also Death is itself destined to die when, as in the Christian tradition, the dead are resurrected to their eternal reward. Here Donne echoes the sentiment of the Apostle Paul in where Paul writes that "the final enemy to be destroyed is death." Donne taps into his Christian background to point out that Death has no power and one day will cease to exist.
[ ] To be concluding
We bravely say that death is just a moment of glimpse but after that we again going to a long way with happiness and do not fear about death.
[ ] Sweetest Love, I do not goe ;
John Donne writes that;
"Sweetest Love, I do not go fir weariness of thee,
Nor in hope the world can show
A fitter love for me;
But since that I must die at last, 'tis best
To use myself in jest
Thus by feigned death to die."
The magnificent lines touch our heart. Here Love as both physical and spiritual way to drown. The poet tells his beloved that he is not leaving because he is tired of the relationship instead,he must go as a duty. After all, the sun departs each night but returns every morning, and he has a much shorter distance to travel. The third stanza suggests that his duty to leave is unstoppable; man's power is so feeble that good fortune cannot lengthen his life, while bad fortune will shorten it. Indeed, fighting bad fortune only shares one's strength with it. As the beloved sighs and cries, the lover complains that if he is really within her, she is the one letting
him go because he is part of her tears and breath. He asks her not to fear any evil that may befall him while he is gone, and besides, they keep each other alive in their hearts and therefore are never truly parted.
[ ] Let us Analyze this poem ;
Here John Donne writes about love, it's not just love but 'sweetest love', is a lyric made rhyme scheme ababcddc. Each stanza develops an aspect up of five stanzas each with the same of the problem of separation from one's beloved. In the first stanza the lover wards off any fear of a weakened love on his part. He does not leave "for weariness" of the beloved, nor does he go looking for a "fitter love" for himself. He instead compares his departure to death, saying that since he "Must die at last", it is better for him to practice dying by feign'd deaths", those short times when he is separated from his love. Thus, he turns her fears about losing him into an assurance that she is the very source of his existence; when he is not with her, it is like being dead. metaphor for his fidelity and desire to return. He compares his leaving to the sun's setting "Yesternight". It left darkness behind, "yet is here today. If the sun can return each day, despite its lengthy journey around the world, then the beloved can trust that the lover will return since his journey is shorter. Besides, he will make "speedier journeys" since he has more reason to go and return than does the In the second stanza, Donne uses the sun as a sun.
In the third stanza, the poet examines the view of metaphor aspect compass it's turns to contemplating larger problems beyond merely being separated from a loved one. He notes how "feeble is man's power" that one is unable to add more time to his life during periods of "good fortune". Ironically, the poet notes, we instead add "our strength" to misfortune and "teach it art and length", thereby giving bad situations power over our lives. We a even the power we have turns against us in bad fortune. Perhaps the suggestion here is that the lover has no choice but to go, not having enough strength to overcome fate.
This stanza also serves as a turning point in the song. The two prior stanzas are assurances that the lover wiil return quickly and faithfully. The final two stanzas focus harms his beloved may cause or fear.
Actually when he writes my soul away, he says in the first line of the fourth stanza. The beloved's expressions of despair cause harm to her lover, he argues, because he is so much a part of her that he is in her breath. He may also mean that her sighs demonstrate her lack of trust in him. The same argument applies to her tears; she depletes his "life's blood" when she cries. This is why she said to be "unkindly kind" with her tears; this oxymoron emphasizes the lover's pain in seeing the extent of her need to be with him.
In the final stanza, the lover warning his beloved against future ills she may bring upon him if she continues to fear a future without him. He urges her "divining heart" to avoid predicting him harm; it is possible that "Destiny may take thy part" and fulfill her fears by leading to true dangers.
[ ] Summing up
This poem bears similarities to Donne's other work about departure from his loved one, "Valediction: Forbidding Mourning." The tone of the song considered here is lighter, however and the imagery not as controlled, poignant, or unexpected as that latter work. however, and the imagery not as Nevertheless, it is worth attempting to read this poem, like so many others of Donne's, as spiritual allegory. Perhaps in which case one one again a resonance with the promised second coming of Jesus in the can see the lover as God and the beloved as the Church, might find Christian tradition; in this tradition he will soon return to the world even crucified. though he was crucified.
[ ] The Flea
Two levels the lover addressed to his beloved that if his dream is broken, discontinued because of her. He doesn't mind it, it was a dream based an logic. If she becomes the reason for a discontinuation of such a dream, he doesn't object to it. The lover mentions that his dream still continues even when the dream ended but there is a difference betwween both other tips of dream. The dream that still continues is the dream of getting her love. He doesn't want that, that dream should ever end.
Let's discuss more in detailed way:
"Image of her whom I love, more than she, Whose fair impression in my faithful heart Makes me her medal, and makes her love me As kings do coins, to which their stamps impart."
Here poet presents very creative part as we noted but in lover's dream he dream about the girl who he love so much and by broken dream he again start to dream and he considers his beloved so truthful that she is capable of transformation his dream into reality and fable into history. In this elegy John Donne narrates a dream by the person who he claims to have been dreaming about. Like in the more popular Donne poem "The Flea," the narrator attempts to cajole the woman into coming to bed with him by talking about the poetic conceit and how it relates to them. Unlike in "The Flea," however, Donne uses some very complex imagery to describe the dream and the waking and to form his arguments for her staying. Lover should dream anything about love. So he suggests that instead of seeing dream they should act in reality. The lover in the absence of the dream of love would like to get affection from his beloved in reality.
Donne also clarifies that it was not her noise because of which his dream of discontinue. It was because of her eyes just like lightening that his dream was discontin ued judge what is going on in his heart and mind, he campers her with an angel but angel. Because she knows it well what he dreams his angel and finally he says that she is herself.
[ ] At Last
By commenting on love she believes that, that love is weak in which there are elements fear, sin and shame pure love has to be free from such elements.
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